FTCE Physical Education K-12 Practice Test

What psychological phenomenon occurs when continued failure inhibits someone from trying again?

1. Self-efficacy

2. Learned helplessness

3. Competence

4. Positive reinforcement

The correct answer is: Learned helplessness

Learned helplessness is the psychological phenomenon where an individual believes they have no control over the outcomes of their actions, often resulting from repeated failures. This feeling arises when a person consistently experiences negative results despite their efforts, leading them to conclude that trying again will not lead to success. As a result, they may stop attempting to engage in that behavior, feeling resigned to their perceived lack of efficacy. In contrast, self-efficacy relates to an individual's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations and is typically enhanced through successful experiences rather than diminished by failure. Competence refers to the skills and abilities one possesses, and positive reinforcement involves rewards that encourage specific behaviors. However, these concepts do not capture the essence of the discouragement and inaction that stem from learned helplessness.